Why cant cars use jet fuel?

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Gasoline is the main U.S. transportation fuel

In 2021, Americans used about 135 billion gallons of gasoline, including 134.83 billion gallons of finished motor gasoline—or about 369 million gallons per day—and about 0.18 billion gallons of finished aviation gasoline. Motor gasoline is one of the major fuels consumed in the United States and is the main product that U.S. oil refineries produce. Most of the finished motor gasoline sold for use in vehicles in the United States is about 10% fuel ethanol by volume.

Most gasoline is used in cars and light trucks

Source: Stock photography (copyrighted)

U.S. consumers use gasoline in:

Cars, sport utility vehicles, light trucks, and motorcycles
Recreational vehicles and boats
Small aircraft
Equipment and tools used in construction, farming, forestry, and landscaping
Electricity generators for portable and emergency power supply

In 2021, total gasoline consumption (based on energy content) accounted for about 58% of transportation sector total energy consumption and 16% of U.S. total energy consumption, and (based on volume) 45% of total petroleum consumption. 1

Light-duty vehicles (cars, sport utility vehicles, and small trucks) account for about 91% of all gasoline consumption in the United States. 2

Texas and California have the largest gasoline consumption

The amount of total gasoline use various among the states, but Texas and California together account for about one-fifth of U.S. total gasoline consumption.

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Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum and Other Liquids—Prime Supplier Sales Volumes, as of June 8, 2022

1 Total gasoline includes finished aviation gasoline and finished motor gasoline including fuel ethanol.

Last updated: June 9, 2022 with most recent data available at the time of update; data for 2021 are preliminary.

Avgas and Cars: Why It’s Not a Good Idea

Avgas, or aviation gasoline, is a specialized type of fuel used in piston-engine aircraft. It is specifically formulated to meet the demanding requirements of aviation, providing high energy density and consistent performance at high altitudes and in extreme conditions. However, some people may wonder whether avgas can be used in cars, especially high-performance sports cars or racing vehicles. In this article, we’ll explore the reasons why using avgas in cars is not a good idea.

Chemical Composition

One of the primary reasons why avgas should not be used in cars is because of its chemical composition. Avgas typically contains lead, which is added to increase the fuel’s octane rating and improve its performance in high-compression engines. However, lead is a highly toxic substance that can cause serious health problems, including neurological damage, especially when inhaled as a gas or ingested as a dust or particles. As such, leaded fuels have been phased out in most countries for automotive use since the 1970s due to environmental and health concerns.

Even though some cars may have been designed to run on leaded gasoline in the past, modern cars are not compatible with leaded fuel. The engines and emissions systems of modern cars are not designed to handle the high levels of lead and other additives present in avgas, which can cause significant damage to the engine and exhaust system over time.

Fuel Efficiency

Another reason why avgas is not suitable for use in cars is its fuel efficiency. Avgas has a higher energy density than regular gasoline, meaning that it contains more energy per unit of volume. However, this also means that it burns less efficiently in engines designed for regular gasoline, leading to lower fuel economy and higher emissions. In addition, avgas is more expensive than regular gasoline, which can make it a costly and inefficient fuel choice for cars.

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Legal and Safety Concerns

Using avgas in cars is not only environmentally and financially unsound, but it is also illegal in many countries. Avgas is regulated as a specialized fuel for aviation use only, and its use in other applications is strictly prohibited by law. Additionally, using avgas in cars can pose serious safety risks, as it is not designed for use in automotive engines and can cause engine failure or other dangerous situations on the road.

In conclusion, while avgas may seem like a tempting fuel choice for high-performance cars or racing vehicles, its use in cars is not recommended. The high levels of lead and other additives present in avgas can cause significant damage to the engine and emissions systems of modern cars, while its higher cost and lower fuel efficiency make it an impractical and inefficient fuel choice. Additionally, using avgas in cars is illegal in many countries and can pose serious safety risks on the road. For these reasons, it is important to stick with fuels specifically designed for use in automotive engines and leave avgas to the skies.

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The ultimate guide to jet and aviation fuel

Jet fuel is relied on by airlines and passengers across the globe, but have you ever wanted to know more about this incredibly important form of energy? In this ultimate guide to jet and aviation fuel, we explore what jet and aviation fuel are, their differences, properties, the various types of jet fuel available, plus much more.

What is jet fuel?

Jet fuel is used to power jet engines. Also known as aviation turbine fuel or Avtur, it is a highly refined Kerosene (a type of diesel), ignited by pressure and heat. There are many different specialised types of jet fuel, including those designed for passenger aircraft such as JET A-1, through to military-grade fuels such as JET F-34/JP-8. Each has different characteristics, including freezing points, octane ratings and additives.

What is aviation fuel?

Aviation fuel is a term often used interchangeably with jet fuel but can also refer to aviation-grade gasoline used for general aviation; piston propeller engines, microlights and sports aircraft, for example. Known as AVGAS, this spark-ignited fuel has a much lower flashpoint than jet fuel and a much higher octane rating than the petrol used in road vehicles.

Which hydrocarbons are used in aviation fuel?

Aviation fuel comprises long strings of hydrocarbons which are derived from the refining process. It is extremely difficult to say exactly which hydrocarbons are used in aviation fuel as the composition varies considerably based on the source petroleum.

What’s the difference between aviation fuels and petrol?

In simple terms, the key differences between aviation fuels and petrol is that aviation fuel is much purer, and jet fuel comprises different hydrocarbons. For instance, when planes are airborne, temperatures can drop to around -40˚C. At this level, automotive petrol would freeze, but since jet fuel is a type of kerosene with a much lower freezing point, it remains liquid.

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Additionally, while AVGAS and standard petrol feature performance-enhancing additives, such as those used to improve fuel performance, some are only found in aviation fuel, such as metal deactivators, gum inhibitors and static dissipaters.

Is aviation fuel flammable?

At normal temperatures, aviation fuel gives off very little vapour. This means it doesn’t ignite easily and or form dangerous fuel-air mixtures. JET-A1, also has a flash point higher than 38˚C – crucial, as it makes the fuel less likely to combust unsafely. Once vaporised, however, jet fuel is extremely flammable and burns at a much higher temperature than other fuels.

What is the freezing point of jet fuel?

The freezing point of Jet A is -40˚C, while the freezing point of Jet A-1 is -47˚C. AVGAS, on the other hand, can have freezing points around -58˚C.

What happens if you put water in aviation fuel?

It’s important that water is never added to aviation fuel and every effort should be made to isolate the two. This is because when flying at altitude, extremely low temperatures can cause any water present to freeze, potentially blocking the aircraft’s fuel inlet pipes. To combat this, fuel heaters are often used to prevent any water in the fuel from freezing.

What is the octane rating of aviation fuel?

The octane ratings of AVGAS, a gasoline-based fuel, are usually either 91 or 100 (lean mixture) and 96 or 130 (rich mixture). The octane rating of jet fuel is much lower, around 15 – this is much more like automotive diesel and thus much more resistant to detonating due to sparks or compression.

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The types of aviation fuels are used in jet and piston engine planes?

Aviation fuels are available for a wide range of aircraft.

· AVGAS UL91 – Colourless and unleaded piston engine fuel that’s safer for the environment, AVGAS UL91 is designed for sports and general aviation aircraft.

· AVGAS 100LL – A high-quality, low-lead piston engine aviation fuel used for more taxing flying, such as aerobatics.

· JET A-1 – The world’s most common fuel for jet turbine engines, JET A-1 can also be used in diesel general aviation aeroplanes.

· JET F-34/JP-8 – A military-grade turbine engine fuel, designed for use in aircraft and helicopters that lack fuel system heaters.

How much jet fuel is used each day?

According to Statista, commercial airlines are forecast to use 97 billion gallons (441 billion litres) of fuel in 2019. When just looking at Total’s aviation fuels, an aircraft is refuelled with our JET A-1, AVGAS 100LL or AVGAS UL91 fuels every 30 seconds on average.

Get more information on Total’s aviation fuel range, how our fuels help the aviation industry, or contact our team if you have a specific query.